Safe Plants
A-B-C-D-E-F -G-H-I-J-K -L-M-N-O-P -Q-R-S-T-U -W-X-Y-Z
People have been asking about toxic and non toxic plants. Some lists talk about safe for use as a perch and relates to timber and not necessarily leaves or fruits. The information contained here is quite extensive, I have tried to identify not only what plants are toxic but what parts and the toxic principles are, along with possible symptoms.
The lists found here may contain errors, and they are not exhaustive. Its wise to cross check other sources. For instance it lists sorghum as toxic. The young plants and sprouts definitely are, mature plants and seed are not. I have edited this list to reflect recent knowledge, there are no plants that are listed as safe that I know to be unsafe. If people could lend their expertise by suggesting additions or alterations and help keep it current the bird lovers of the world would be grateful.
Before feeding any plants ensure that they are pesticide, mould and fungus free. Don't pick from the sides of busy roads and ensure they are properly identified. If you are including roots ensure that the soil is free from fecal matter and composts. Most fresh potting mixes are not suitable for your bird, indoors or in cage you should use vermiculite or other soil free methods outside a sandy loam or well aged potting mix is suitable.
Feeding your bird fresh produce daily is rewarding, growing or collecting fresh food is one of the most rewarding part of parrot ownership. Green seeds, grasses, roots and native plants are an often over looked source of nutrition and mental stimulation and provide suitable chewing opportunities that are essential for beak health. Other resources include: UC Davis School of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, University of Illinois, VCA Hospitals Plants - Safe for Birds Wiley on line library, Colostate university, The palatability, and potential toxicity of Australian weeds to goats
A-B-C-D-E-F -G-H-I-J-K -L-M-N-O-P -Q-R-S-T-U -W-X-Y-Z
Acacia georginae, Georgina gidgee Image
Acokanthera - all parts toxic except the ripe fruit Image
Amaryllis - all parts are toxic Image
Andromeda - all parts are toxic Image
Angel's Trumpet - seeds, leaves, and flowers are toxic Image
Apricot - pits are toxic Image
Arum Lily - all parts are toxic Image
Australian Flame Tree - all parts are toxic Image
Autumn Crocus - all parts are toxic Image
Avocado - pits, unripe fruit, leaves, and stems are toxic Image Symptoms
Azalea - all parts are toxic Image
Non-Toxic
Acca sellowiana
Achira
Acorn Squash
Abelia
Acacia (some species)
Acerola Cherry, Barbados Cherry Image
African Daisy
African Violet
Air Plants, Tillandsia
Albany Woolly Bush
Almond (Prunus dulcis var.dulcis) (See Note 11)
Aluminum Plant
Alfalfa
Algaroba (bean tree)
Aloe - Fresh
Alumn Root
Altingia excelsa Noronha (Rasamala)
American Rubber
Anthericum Multiflorum
Apple - seeds, leaves, and bark are safe (See Note 4)
Apricot leaves, and bark are safe
Aralia
Arabian Gentian
Arbutus
Areca (butterfly cane)
Arrowroot (Canna edulis)
Artillery Plant
Ash
Asparagus officinalis (See Note 7)
Asparagus Fern
Aspen
Aspidistra
Aspidium Falcatum
Balsam Pear - all parts are toxic Image
Baneberry - all parts are toxic Image
Belladonna - all parts are toxic Image
Bird of Paradise - seed pods and flowers are toxic Image
Bishop's Weed - all parts are toxic Image
Bitter Melon - all parts are toxic Image
Bitter Rubberweed (Hymenoxys odorata)Image
Bittersweet - all parts are toxic Image
Black Garden (Nightshade) - unripe berries and leaves are toxic Image
Black bean tree (Castanospermum australe) - Leaves and seeds Image Symptoms
Black Laurel - all parts are toxic Image
Black Locust - all parts are toxic Image Symptoms
Bladderpod - all parts are toxic Image Symptoms
Bleeding Heart - all parts are toxic Image
Bloodroot - all parts are toxic Image
Blue Bonnet - all parts are toxic Image
Blue-Green Algae - all parts are toxic Image Symptoms
Boston Ivy - all parts are toxic Image
Boxwood - all parts are toxic Image
Bracken Fern - all parts are toxic Image
Buckthorn - all parts are toxic Image
Burdock - all parts are toxic Image
Buttercup - all parts are toxic Image
Broad Bean - all parts are toxic Image
Broom Grass - all parts are toxic Image
Brunfelsia - all parts are toxic Image symptoms
Non-Toxic
Baby's Tears
Baby's Breath
Bachelor Buttons
Ball Fern
Bamboo (young shoots can be toxic)
Bamboo Palm
Bamboo Vine
Banana (fruit and leaves)
Barberry
Beech
Begonia
Big shell Bark Hickory
Billardiera scandens (unripe fruit maybe toxic)
Birch
Bird's Nest Fern, Asplenium nidus
Bitter almond (Prunus dulcis var.amara) (seeds are toxic) (see note *11)
Bitter Pecan
Black Haw
Black Hawthorn
Blastpheme Vine
Blood Leaf Plant
Blooming Sally
Blue Bottle
Blue Bead
Blue Daisy
Blue Echeveria
Blue Dicks
Blue Eyed Daisy
Blunt Leaf Peper Omia
Blushing Bromeliad
Bottle Brush
Bold Sword Fern
Bottle Palm
Boston Fern
Bougainvillea
Brake
Brazilian cherry tree (pits toxic) (see note *6)
Brazilian Orchid
Bromeliads
Brides Bonnet
Bristly Greenbriar
Broom Hickory
Bauhinia galpinii or butterfly bush
Brodiaca Pulchella
Butterfly Cane
Butterfly Ginger
Butterfly Butterfly iris
Bullbrier
Burro's Tail
Cacao - all parts are toxic Image
Caladium - all parts are toxic Image
Calla Lily - all parts are toxic Image Symptoms
Camel Bush - all parts are toxic Image
Cana Lily - all parts are toxic Image
Candelabra - all parts are toxic Image
Cardinal Flower - all parts are toxic Image
Candlenut tree (Aleurites rockinghamensis) Image
Cape honey flower, tufted honey Image
Carolina jasmine - Toxic Image
Cassava - Roots and Leaves are toxic Image Symptoms
Castor Bean - all parts are toxic Image Symptoms
Catclaw Acacia - twigs and leaves are toxic Image
Chalice - all parts are toxic Image
Cherimoya (Custard Apple)- bark, leaves, peel and seeds toxic Image
Cherry - pits, leaves, and bark are toxic Image
Cherry Nightshade - unripe berries and leaves are toxic Image
Chinaberry - all parts are toxic Image
Christmas Candle - all parts are toxic Image
Christmas Cherry (Solanum pseudocapsicum) All parts Image Symptoms
Chokecherry (Prunus virginana)Image
Clematis - all parts are toxic Image
Cocklebur - all parts are toxic Image - Symptoms
Coffee beans - Leaves (tea), all chocolates Symptoms
Copperweed Image
Coral Plant - all parts are toxic Image
Corn Grass - all parts are toxic Image
Corncockle - all parts are toxic Image
Cordyline Image
Coyotillo - all parts are toxic Image
Cowslip - all parts are toxic Image
Creeping Myrtle Image
Crocus (Autumn) - all parts are toxic Image
Crotalaria - all parts are toxic Image
Crown of Thorns - all parts are toxic Image
Cuckoopint - all parts are toxic Image
Cutleaf Philodendron - all parts are toxic Image
Cycad - all parts are toxic Image
Non-Toxic
Caeroba
Calathea insignis/lancifolia
California Holly
Calamint
Calendula
Calochortus nuttalli
Camellia
Camelina (oil seed related to flax)
Calliandra (Calliandra calothyrsus) powder puff plant
Canu-Canu (Myrciaria dubia)
Cape Mallow (Anisodontea capensis)
Casuarina
Chamomile
Canada Hemlock
Candle Plant
Candy Corn Plant
Cantebury-bell
Cape Jasmine
Cape Primrose
Canob Tree
Carobinha
Carrion flower
Carrot Flower
Cast Iron plant
Cat Brier
Cat Ear
Catnip Nepeta cataria
Cat's paw
Cattleya Labrata
Celosia Globosa,plumosa,spicata
Chamaedorean
Chaparral See herb list
Chenille plant
Chestnut
Chicken-gizzard
Chickens and hens
Chickweed
Chicory
Chin-lao-shu
China aster
China root
Chinese plumbago
Chlorophytum bechetii
Chocolate soldier
Christmas dagger
Cinquefoil
Citrus (all) - Safe
Cirrhopetalum
Cissus Kangaroo Vines
Claw Cactus
Clearweed
Cliff brake
Cocks comb
Cocos Palm - Safe
Coffee Tree - the coffee beverage is toxic
Coleus
Collinia elegans
Confederate jasmine
Coolwort
Comfrey
Corymbia ficifolia. Red Flowering Gum.
Corn Plant (Dracaena)
Cottonwood
Coriander - all parts are safe Image
Cordia Boisseri or Texas wild olive - Safe
Crataegus phaenopyrum
Crabapple - fruit only
Crape Myrtle (Lagerstroemia) Image
Creeping Jenny
Creeping charlie
Creeping gloxinia
Creeping mahonia
Creeping pilea
Creeping rubus
Creeping zinnia
Crimson cup
Crisped feather fern
Crossandra
Croton - house variety
Cucumber (Cucumis sativus) (see note *8)
Curry plant (Murraya koenigii)
Cyrtudeira reptans
Daffodil - all parts are toxic Image
Daphne - all parts are toxic Image
Deadly Nightshade - unripe berries and leaves are toxic Image
Death Camas - all parts are toxic Image
Delphinium - all parts are toxic Image
Devil's Ivy - all parts are toxic Image
Dieffenbachia (Dumb Cane) - all parts are toxic Image Symptoms
Dock - all parts are toxic Image
Dooder, Cuscuta europaea, Cassytha ciliolata. Image
Dumb Cane - all parts are toxic Image
Dutchman's Breeches - all parts are toxic Image
Non-Toxic
Dahlia
Dandelion
Date
Daylily
Dill
Dish
Dogwood
Donkey Tail
Dracaena
Dragon Tree
Eggplant - (see note *1) Image Symptoms
Elderberry - roots, leaves, stems, and bark are toxic Image
Elephant's Ears - all parts are toxic Image Symptoms
English Ivy - all parts are toxic Image
Ergot - all parts are toxic Image Symptoms
Euonymus - filit, leaves, and bark are toxic Image
European Pennyroyal - all parts are toxic Image
Non-Toxic
Easter Cactus
Echeveria
Elephant Foot Tree
Elderberry - cooked, ripe fruit only
Elk's Horn
Elm
Eucalyptus
Eugenia
Euphorbia
European Fan
False Hellebore - all parts are toxic Image
Fava Bean - all parts are toxic Image
Felt Plant - all parts are toxic Image
Fern leaf pepper tree - status not known Image
Fiddleneck - leaves seeds and stems are toxic Image
Figs - sap is toxic Image
Fire Thorn - all parts are toxic Image
Flame Tree - all parts are toxic Image
Four o'clock - all parts are toxic Image
Foxglove - all parts are toxic Image Symptoms
Frangipani - Toxic Image
Non-Toxic
Fat Hen
Fir
Flax (linseed) (see note *5)
Glory Bean - all parts are toxic Image
Glottidium - all parts are toxic Image
Golden Chain - all parts are toxic Image
Golden wonder tree / Senna pendular var glabrata Image
Grass (Broom, Corn, Johnson, Sorghum, and Sudan) - all parts are toxic
Greasewood (Sarcobatus vermiculatus) Image
Ground Cherry - all parts except ripe fruit are toxic Image
Groundsel Image
Non-Toxic
Gardenia
Garlic
Giant Ragweed - Safe
Giant shivery grass, quaking grass, Briza maxima
Gloxinia
Gold Dust Dracaena
Gordonia axillaris - also known as fried egg plant.
Grape Ivy
Grape Vine
Grass Tree Xanthorrhoea
Gympie-Gympie
Heath (Andromeda, Azalea, Black Laurel, Kalmia, Leucotho, Mountain Laurel, Peires, and Rododendron) - all parts are toxic Image
Hemlock (Poison and Water) - all parts are toxic Image
Heliotrope - leaves are toxic Image
Hemp (Medical marijuana)- all parts are potentially toxic Image
Henbane - all parts are toxic Image
Halogeton (Halogeton glomeratus) Image
Holly - berries and leaves are toxic Image
Honey Locust - all parts are toxic Image
Horse Bean - all parts are toxic Image
Horsebrush (Tetradymia glabrata, T. canescens) Image>
Horse Chestnut - all parts are toxic Image
Horse Nettle - all parts are toxic Image
Horse Tail - all parts are toxic Image
Hyacinth - all parts are toxic Image
Hydrangea - all parts are toxic Image
Non-Toxic
Hakea
Hens and Chicks
Henbit
Hemp Seed (Cannabis sativa L.)
Hibiscus
Honey Locust (thornless), also known as Gleditsia triacanthos f. inermis
Hop Bush, Dodonaea triquetra
Honeysuckle
Hoya
Iris - all parts are toxic Image
Ivy (Boston, English, and some others) - all parts are toxic Image
Non-Toxic
Impatiens
Indian Hawthorne
Indian Mustard
Ivory Curl Flower Buckinghamia celsissima
Jack-in-the-Pulpit - all parts are toxic Image
Jasmine False- all parts are toxic Image
Jerusalem Cherry - all parts are toxic Image Symptoms
Jerusalem Nightshade - unripe berries and leaves are toxic Image
Jessamine, Yellow - leaves and stems are toxic Image
Jimsonweed - seeds, leaves, and flowers are toxic Image Symptoms
Johnson Grass - all parts are toxic Image
Jonquil - all parts are toxic Image
Juniper - all parts are toxic Image
Non-Toxic
Jabuticaba
Jacaranda - Safe
Jade Plant
Jasmine (true) - are safe
Kalmia - all parts are toxic Image
Kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) Image Symptoms
Non-Toxic
Kangaroo paw
Kalanchoe
Kunzea ambigua
Lantana - all parts are toxic Image
Larkspur - all parts are toxic Image Symptoms
Laurel - all parts are toxic Image
Leucotho - all parts are toxic Image
Lily-of-the-Valley I wouldn't encourage a bird to eat it. - all parts are toxic Image Symptoms
Lily, Arum - all parts are toxic Image
Ligustrum, privet, Ligustrum
Lima bean (Phaseolus lunatus)- Seed pods Symptoms
Lobelia - all parts are toxic Image
Locoweed - all parts are toxic Image Symptoms (see note *10)
Locust (Black and Honey) - all parts are toxic Image
Logania albiflora - potentially toxic Image
Lords and Ladies - all parts are toxic Image
Lupine - all parts are toxic Image
Non-Toxic
Lady's thumb (Polygonum persicaria)
Lambs ears, Stachys byzantium & lanata
Lambs quarters (see Fat Hen)
Larch
Lemon Bee Balm (Monarda citriodora)
Lemon balm
Lemon grass
Leptospermum, Teatree
Lilac
Lily (Easter or Tiger)
Lilly Pilly. Syzigium australe
Lipstick plant, Aeschynanthus
Liriope
Lolly Bush or Clerodendrum floribundum
Lotus Flower (Nelumbo nucifera)
Lovage (Levisticum officinale)
Malanga - all parts are toxic Image
Mango -sap and peel Image Symptoms
Manchineel tree (Hippomane mancinella)Image
Marijuana - all parts are toxic Image
Marshmallow or small flowered mallow (MALVA PARVIFLORA) Image
Meadow Saffron - all parts are toxic Image
Mescal Bean - all parts are toxic Image
Mexican Breadfruit - all parts are toxic Image
Mexican Poppy - all parts are toxic Image
Milkweed - all parts are toxic Image Symptoms
Milkvetch (Astragalus spp.) Image
Milky Mangrove -
Mistletoe - all parts are toxic Image Symptoms
Mock Orange - all parts are toxic Image
Moonseed - all parts are toxic Image
Monkshood - all parts are toxic Image
Monstera deliciosa
Morning Glory - seeds are toxic Image
Mountain Laurel - all parts are toxic Image
Mushrooms (some)- all parts are toxic Image human grade washed mushrooms are safe (see note *12)
Non-Toxic
Magnolia
Maranta leuconeura
Marigold
Maidenhair Fern
Manzanita
Marah
Mayapple
Meadow sage (Salvia pratensis) - Safe
Melaleuca including paperbarks - Safe
Melaleuca stypheloides safe
Mesquite - Safe
Metrosideros -Safe
Mountain Devil (Lambertia formosa)
Monkey Plant I wouldn't encourage a bird to eat it.
Moringa - Safe (see note *6)
Moses-in-the-Cradle
Mother-In-Law's-Tounge (see note *14)
Morus or Mulberry (see note *13)
Natal plums -roots leaves and stems toxic ripe fruits are safe Image
Narcissus - all parts are toxic Image
Navy Bean - all parts are toxic Image
Nightshade (Bittersweet, Black Garden, Cherry, Deadly, Eggplant, Jerusalem, and Woody) - unripe berries and leaves are toxic Symptoms
Nutmeg (Myristica fragrans) - Image Symptoms
Non-Toxic
Nandina
Nasturtium
Natal Plum
Neem, Azadirachta indica
Nerve Plant
Norfolk Island Hibiscus or Lagunaria patersonii.
Nettle - Image
Oak - all parts are toxic Image Symptoms
Oleander - all parts are toxic Image Symptoms
Ozothamnus diosmifolius Image
Non-Toxic
Olea paniculata or Queensland native olive leaf & fruit
Olive (Olea europaea) - Safe
Olive Wild (Olea oleaster)
Onion Grass (Romulea rosea)
Pachira aquatica (Money Tree)
Perfume flower tree Fagraea berteriana Image
Peace Lilies
Peach - pits, leaves, and bark are toxic Image
Pear - seeds, leaves, and bark are toxic Image
Peires - all parts are toxic Image
Pencil Tree - all parts are toxic Image
Peony - all parts are toxic Image
Periwinkle - all parts are toxic Image
Peyote - all parts are toxic Image
Philodendron - all parts are toxic Image Symptoms
Pigweed - all parts are toxic Image
Pingue or Colorado Rubberweed (Hymenoxys richardsoni) Image
Plum - pits, leaves, and bark are toxic Image
Poison Hemlock - all parts are toxic Image
Poison Ivy - all parts are toxic Image
Poison Oak - all parts are toxic Image
Poison Sumac - all parts are toxic Image
Poinciana - all parts are toxic Image
Poinsettia - all parts are toxic Image Symptoms
Poppy - all parts are toxic Image
Pokeweed - all parts are toxic Image Symptoms
Pokeberry (Phytolacca americana) - all parts are toxic Image
Potato - sprouts, berries, leaves, and green tubers are toxic Image Symptoms
Pothos - all parts are toxic Image
Precatory Bean - all parts are toxic Image
Primrose - all parts are toxic Image
Privet - all parts are toxic Image
Pultenaea villosa Image
Non-Toxic
Pandanus palm
Pecan nut tree
Pampas grass - Safe
Parsley (see note *3)
Passionflower
Peppermint
Peppercorn tree (Schinus molle)
Peperomia
Pequi (Caryocar brasiliense)
Persoonia, Geebungs
Petunia
Pigeon Pea (Cajanus cajan)
Pili nut or Canarium ovatum
Pineapple - safe
Pineapple Guava / Feijoa: Acca sellowiana
Pittosporum undulatum
Feijoa pineapple guava, Acca sellowiana - Safe
Plantago major (broadleaf plantain, white man's foot, or greater plantain) - Safe
Plantain 'Tonic' (Plantago lanceolata)
Poa Labillardieri (tussock grass)
Pony Tail Palm
Popular
Prayer Plant - Maranta leuconeura
Purple Passion
Purple Velvet
Pyracantha
None
Non-Toxic
Quince (seeds are toxic)
Ragwort - all parts are toxic Image
Rain Tree - all parts are toxic Image
Ranunculus - all parts are toxic Image
Rattle Box - all parts are toxic Image
Rayless Goldenrod (Haplopappus heterophyllus) Image
Red Maple - all parts are toxic Image
Rhododendron - all parts are toxic Image Symptoms
Rhubarb - leaves are toxic Image
Rosary (Indian) Pea - all parts are toxic Image Symptoms
Runner Bean - all parts are toxic Image
Non-Toxic
Raphiolepsis
Rhipsalis – Mistletoe Cactus
Ribbon
Rose
Rubber Plant
Rush common or soft (Juncus effusus)
Russian Olive
Sage - all parts are toxic Image
Sago Cycas - all parts are toxic Image
Sandbox Tree - all parts are toxic Image
Sansevieria
Scarlet Bean - all parts are toxic Image
Schefflera
Shamrock Plant - all parts are toxic Image
Silkpod vine or Monkey Rope Image
Skunk Cabbage - all parts are toxic Image
Slender rice flower Pimelea linifolia ssp linifolia, Image
Snakeweed (Gutierrezia sarothrae, G. microcephala) Image
Sneezeweed (Helenium hoopesii) Image
Snowdrop - all parts are toxic Image
Snow on Mountain - all parts are toxic Image
Sorghum Grass (young plants and sprouts) (see note *2) Image
Sorrel - all parts are toxic (young plants and sprouts) Image
Spurges (Candelabra, Crown of Thorns, Pencil Tree, Snow on Mountain) - all parts are toxic Image
Spring Parsley (Cymopterus watsonii) Image
Squirting cucumber (Ecballium elaterium)
Star of Bethlehem - all parts are toxic Image
Strychnine tree (Strychnos nux-vomica) Image Symptoms
Sudan Grass - all parts are toxic Image
Sweet Pea - all parts are toxic Image
Non-Toxic
Saltbush (Atriplex cinerea)
Sensitive Plant
Siberian Pea Tree
Spearmint
Spider Plant
Spiky Wattle, Acacia genistifolia (note spiky leaves)
Sorghum (mature plants and seeds)
Sow thistle
Spruce
Squirrel's Foot Fern
Staghorn
Star Jasmine (Trachelospermum jasminoides)
String of Beads
Suriname cherry (resinous pits causes stomach upsets in dogs) (see note *6)
Sweedish Ivy
Sword Fern
Tansy Ragwort - all parts are toxic Image Symptoms
Taro - all parts are toxic Image
Threadleaf and Riddell's Groundsels (Senecio longilobus and S. riddellii) Image
Tobacco - all parts are toxic Image Symptoms
Tomato - stems and leaves are toxic Image Symptoms
Tulip - all parts are toxic Image
Trumpet Vine - all parts are toxic Image
Non-Toxic
Tecoma capensis
Thistle
Ti Plant
Tiger Lily
Tuckeroo, Cupaniopsis anacardioides
Tree Lucerne (Chamaecytisus proliferus)
Virginia Bower - all parts are toxic Image
Virginia Creeper - all parts are toxic Image Symptoms
Vetches - all parts are toxic Image
Non-Toxic
Violet
Virburnum - safe
Water Hemlock - all parts are toxic Image Symptoms
Wattle - Coast Myall and Deane's Wattle contain cyanogens Image
Waxberry - all parts are toxic Image
White Cedar China - all parts are toxic Image
White Snakeroot Image
Wild lettuce conatins coumarin and lactucin Image
Wild Cucumber (Echinocystis lobata) - or Balsam Apple, Prickly Cucumber, Wild Balsam Apple,
Wisteria - all parts are toxic Image
Woody Nightshade - unripe berries and leaves are toxic Image
Non-Toxic
Wandering Jew
Wattle - check specific species
Water Gum, Tristaniopsis laurina, - Safe
Wax Plant, Hoya Carnosa
Willow
Willow myrtle, Agonis flexuosa,
Yellow Jasmine - all parts are toxic Image
Yesterday, Today and Tomorrow = All parts toxic
Yew - all parts are toxic Image Symptoms
Non-Toxic
Yucca
Yam Daisy (Murnong)
None
Non-ToxicLook here for information on plants know to be toxic toxins and symptoms and specific plant toxins and symptoms
Zebra Plant
(1) raw eggplants are not poisonous. However, the leaves and flowers of the plant can be toxic. Plants in the nightshade family — which includes eggplants, potatoes, peppers, tomatoes and tomatillos — contain an alkaloid called solanine, which in very large doses can be poisonous.
(2) sorgum sprouts and micro greens are toxic, mature plants are not.
(3) many people claim that parsley is toxic for birds. It's true that it contains substances that are poisonous in high doses. But both of these potentially dangerous substances can only be found in parsley in very small doses. If you serve only small quantities of parsley to your pet birds this food will not harm them in any way. But please make sure that your birds don't suffer from a lack of calcium since parsley contains substances that bind calcium. If birds who suffer from a lack of this mineral eat too much parsley their health problem could become even worse.
(4) many people claim that Apple seed is toxic for birds. It's true that it contains amygdalin - which can break down in the stomach to release cyanide but your bird would have to eat the seeds from 50 apples.
(5) linseed (flax) especially especially unripe seed contains Amygdalin as do other grains and forage crops, Amygdalin (associated with prussic acid poisoning in stock) include Corn, flax, sorghum, sudangrass, arrow grass, velvet grass, white clover, Indian grass, birdsfoot trefoil, Johnson grass. Trees include Apricot, peach, cherry, chokecherry, elderberry, apple, wild black cherry, Eucalyptus, hydrangea. Ground Linseed meal has been shown to contain 150-300ppm amygdalin which is similar to 3 week old sorghum or apple seed.
(6) Brazillian Cherry scientific name Eugenia uniflora has several significant pharmacological properties. Its essential oil is antihypertensive, antidiabetic, antitumor and analgesic, and it has shown antiviral and antifungal activity. It has performed against microorganisms such as Trichomonas gallinae (in vitro), Trypanosoma cruzi and Leishmania amazonensis. It also shows significant anti-inflammatory properties, and is used extensively as a folk remedy in South America against stomach diseases.
(7) the berries of the mature plant are poisonous, containing furostanol and spirostanol saponins. Rapid ingestion of more than five to seven ripe berries can induce abdominal pain and vomiting in humans.
(8) Cucumber contains small patches that taste bitter. These portions contain the extremely toxic tetracyclic triterpenoids or cucurbitacins compound. Excessive consumption of this compound can cause death. Several bioactive compounds have been isolated from cucumber including cucurbitacins, cucumegastigmanes I and II, cucumerin A and B, vitexin, orientin, isoscoparin 2″-O-(6‴-(E)-p-coumaroyl) glucoside, apigenin 7-O-(6″-O-p-coumaroylglucoside) etc. Despite huge exploration of cucumber in agricultural field, comparatively very few studies have been published about its chemical profile Use Your Taste Buds A toxic zucchini, cucumber or melon looks exactly the same as a non-toxic one, so just looking at the fruit will not tell you whether it is bitter or not. There is only one method to determine whether your food can make you sick. Taste it. Cut off a small piece of your zucchini and lick it. Cucurbitacins are very bitter, so it does not take more than that to determine if it is okay or should be thrown directly in the trash can.
(9) Moringa is chemically active and its would be unwise to over feed either the leaf or powdered suppliment. Poultry production sectors in developing countries are facing some problems, one of which is an increase in the cost of feed due to high prices of protein and energy sources. In addition, they are also faced with the problem of the development of antibiotic-resistant pathogens due to unwise and excessive use of antibiotics. Researchers are therefore looking for cheap, available, and safe alternative sources of protein and energy. In addition, scientists are also searching for natural antimicrobial ingredients. Some tropical legumes and plants were introduced into poultry diets as protein sources to decrease the cost of the feed. Recent studies report that some herbs, spices, and extracts may have antimicrobial, coccidiostatic, and anthelminthic properties. Moringa oleifera is a tree with many uses, and of great economic importance, found throughout most of the tropics. It was incorporated into the poultry diet by nutritionists to examine its effects on weaner rabbits', broilers', and laying hens' productive performance. The use of Moringa oleifera in poultry diets (PDF Download Available). Available from: reference
(10) Lockoweed Legumes belonging to the Astragalus, Oxytropis, and Swainsona genera have been noted by ranchers in the Americas, Asia, and Australia to cause a neurologic disease often referred to as locoism or peastruck. The toxin in these legumes is an Alkaloid Swainsonines, an α-mannosidase and mannosidase II inhibitor produced by a Fungal Endophyte belonging to the Undifilum genus. Not all Astragalus species carry the Endophyte. The poisonous substance in Wasatch, Yellowstone, and Columbia milkvetch is the b-D-glucoside of 3-nitro-1-propanol, or miserotoxin. Other milkvetches contain glucosides of 3-nitropropionic acid which are metabolized to toxic 3-nitro-1-propanol. Toxicity is caused by both inhibition of cellular metabolism and nitrite oxidization of hemoglobin. Over 260 North American Astragalus species and varieties contain varying amount of these nitro-toxins. As plants mature and dry, they decrease in toxicity until they are nontoxic when they are dry.
(11) Sweet verses bitter Almond. Selection of the sweet type from the many bitter types in the wild marked the beginning of almond domestication. It is unclear as to which wild ancestor of the almond created the domesticated species. Ladizinsky suggests the taxon Amygdalus fenzliana. While wild almond species are toxic, domesticated almonds are not. The seeds of Prunus dulcis var.dulcis are predominantly sweet but some individual trees produce seeds that are somewhat more bitter. The genetic basis for bitterness involves a single gene, the bitter flavor furthermore being recessive, both aspects making this trait easier to domesticate. The fruits from Prunus dulcis var. amara are always bitter, as are the kernels from other species of genus Prunus, such as peach and cherry (although to a lesser extent). The bitter almond (Prunus dulcis var.amara) slightly broader and shorter than the sweet almond and contains about 50% of the fixed oil that occurs in sweet almonds. It also contains the enzyme emulsin which, in the presence of water, acts on soluble glucosides, amygdalin, and prunasin, yielding glucose, cyanide and the essential oil of bitter almonds, which is nearly pure benzaldehyde, the chemical causing the bitter flavor. Bitter almonds may yield 4–9 mg of hydrogen cyanide per almond and contain 42 times higher amounts of cyanide than the trace levels found in sweet almonds. The origin of cyanide content in bitter almonds is via the enzymatic hydrolysis of amygdalin.
(12) The poison in the common mushroom is Agaritine. Araritine content varies between individual mushrooms and across species. Agaritine content (% fresh weight) in raw Agaricus bisporus, for example, ranges from 0.033% to 0.173%, with an average of 0.088%. The highest amount of agaritine is found in the cap and gills of the fruiting body, and the lowest in the stem. Agaritine oxidizes rapidly upon storage, however, and is totally degraded after 48 hours in aqueous solution with exposure to air. It has also been shown to decompose readily upon cooking (up to 90% reduction) as well as upon freezing (up to 75% reduction).
(13)The Poisonous Plants of North Carolina database lists both the North American native Morus rubra (red mulberry) and the introduced Morus alba (white mulberry) as mildly toxic. The toxic parts are the unripe berries and the white sap from any part. This database says that it "causes only low toxicity if eaten".
(14) Sansevieria trifasciata contain Oxalic Acid and are regarded as poisonous to cats and dogs. The toxic effects of ingesting mother-in-law’s tongue plants can cause nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea in pets. Reference Reference Plants poisonous to people
back to top